Monural - is the trade name, the international non-proprietary name of the drug fosfomycin. This broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against most Gram-positive (including Proteus, enterobacteria, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus and saprophytic and fecal streptococci. It is bactericidal (kills bacteria) action, in contrast to bacteriostatic drugs that only inhibit the growth and proliferation of microbial cells. The mechanism of action of the drug is due to its ability to disrupt the process of bacterial cell wall synthesis, and the cell does not develop and die.Cross allergy to it and resistance to other antibiotics given.
Active ingredient of the drug is fosfomycin trometamol. Excipients are sucrose and flavors (orange or tangerine).
What happens with the drug in the human body

Remedy for cystitis Monural rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood observed after two hours, then in the urine, a high concentration of the drug, which is kept up to 80 hours after ingestion and is disastrous for even the most resistant microorganisms. Displayed much of the drug by the kidneys, intestines residues are eliminated in not changed kind.
Form of drug

The only form of Monural - are granules (powder) for solution for oral (by mouth) administration. The drug is not available in the form of tablets and injection solutions. There are two kinds of packets of powder: 2 grams of active ingredient and 3 grams. The drug's manufacturer - Swiss pharmaceutical company "Zambon."
Monural cystitis: User

Multicenter study of the drug in the treatment of acute and chronic cystitis, conducted clinics in Europe, the U.S. and Russia have not only proved the therapeutic efficacy of the drug, but also allowed to figure out how to take Monural cystitis.
Surprisingly, despite a rather long use of fosfomycin for the treatment of urological diseases not observed the development of resistance to the various types of bacteria in the world. It has been proven that the safest and most effective drug of choice in patients with cystitis (adults, pregnant women, children) is fosfomycin.
Conveniently, the single dose Monural (powder cystitis) in a therapeutic dosage of 3 g is sufficient to produce a therapeutic effect. Thus, Monural appoint one sachet once a day (in severe cases can have twice-daily drug).
This treatment is particularly effective in healthy women who were sexually active. Therapeutic effect of a single dose equivalent Monural therapy short course medications comparison, for example, uncomplicated cystitis is comparable to the effectiveness of the 7-day course of treatment nitrofurantoin.
Indications for use

Monural is the drug of choice for treatment of uncomplicated chronic and recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract (subject to the exclusion of urogenital infections and anomalies location urethra), including asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Has been successfully applied in chronic cystitis Monural. In addition, the drug can be used to prevent complications before endoscopic manipulations and open surgery on the urinary tract and reproductive system organs.

    Acute bacterial cystitis.
    Chronic bacterial cystitis.
    Chronic post-traumatic cystitis with the release of bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria).
    Cystitis during pregnancy.
    Postoperative cystitis.
    Prevention of urinary tract infections in some surgical procedures.

But there are risk factors for relapse, at which day regimen monuralom may be ineffective:

    acute cystitis in men.
    pregnancy,
    duration of symptoms persist for more than seven days,
    women age 65 years and over,
    diabetes,
    use of diaphragms and spermicides
    recurrent infection,
    the first episode of cystitis in the age of 15,
    family history of the maternal line.

The presence of these factors increase the risk for patients relapsing urinary tract infections in 2 - 4 times.
Contraindications

Monural main contraindications due to its excretion via the kidneys are the following states:

     decompensated acute and chronic renal failure,
     younger children up to five years,
     hypersensitivity to the drug.

Cure cystitis Monural has the following side effects: on the part of the digestive system may experience vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn, possible allergic reaction in the form of skin rashes.
Overdose

Chance of overdose is very small, since the package contains only one packet of medicine. But if it happened yet (mostly due to violations of the reception: "I Accept Single bigger, faster cure"), then the person is manifested by diarrhea.Treatment is symptomatic - drinking large amounts of fluids to increase urine output and accelerate elimination of the drug from the body. The effects of alcohol on the metabolism Monural not described. Addiction to the drug is not marked.
Dosing of the drug

Use of the drug into a solution. Before taking the drug to dissolve the granules in one-third cup of water and drink the resulting solution was fasting for a couple of hours before or after a meal. Stronger effect observed in pre-empty bladder.
Adult daily dose is 3 g (1 packet) once. In severe cases, prescribe the drug after repeated daily.
For children over 5 years of daily dose is 2 g once.
Prophylactically during urological surgery drug administered in a dose of 3 g three hours before the intervention and 3 grams a day.

Pregnant drug is given only when indicated.

Analogs Monural: urofosfobol sodium fosfomycin trometamol fosfomycin.
Conditions of supply

Dispensed in pharmacies by prescription.