Laparoscopic surgery minimize traumatic operations and reduce the number of complications.

Glomerulonephritis, also known as glomerular nephritis, abbreviated GN, is a renal disease (usual...

A cystic nephroma, also known as multilocular cystic nephroma, mixed epithelial stromal tumour (M...

Alport syndrome is caused by mutations in COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5, collagen biosynthesis genes.

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a condition that results from the malformation of the kid...

Nephroptosis (also called floating kidney or renal ptosis) is an abnormal condition in which the ...

Hydronephrosis — literally "water inside the kidney" — refers to distension and dilation of the r...

Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patien...

hronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease (CRD), is a progressive loss in ...